This new ruling cuts protections for transgender workers

Federal judge and Trump appointee Matthew J. Kacsmaryk issued a ruling on Friday that will significantly alter the protections that transgender employees are entitled to in the workplace. The decision impacts the current guidance on workplace harassment from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, in a move that reflects the agency’s new priorities under the Trump administration and new acting chair Andrea Lucas.

In the ruling, Kacsmaryk struck down a section of the EEOC’s guidance that applied to trans and gender-nonconforming workers, arguing the agency did not have the authority to foist those guidelines on employers. The agency’s guidance had stated that misgendering employees, denying them access to appropriate bathrooms, or barring them from dressing in line with their gender identity could constitute workplace harassment.

Updates to workplace harassment guidance

The EEOC had updated its guidance on workplace harassment last year for the first time in decades, following a major Supreme Court ruling in 2020 that codified workplace protections for LGBTQ+ employees. (Over the last two years, the agency has also fielded well over 6,000 charges that alleged discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity.)

But Kacsmaryk ruled that the agency’s interpretation of the Supreme Court decision was too broad and imposed “mandatory standards” on employers, contradicting the EEOC’s claim that the guidance was not legally binding. Kacsmaryk also cited the “biological differences between men and women” and said the EEOC’s guidance “contravenes Title VII’s plain text by expanding the scope of ‘sex’ beyond the biological binary.”

A new administration’s priorities

Trump had already undermined protections for LGBTQ+ workers in one of his first executive orders, which dictated that the government would only recognize two biological sexes. And even prior to this ruling, the new administration had already influenced the EEOC’s priorities: In her new capacity as acting chair, Lucas said the agency would now focus on “defending the biological and binary reality of sex and related rights” and complying with Trump’s executive orders.

Over the last few months, there have been several reports that the EEOC is dismissing lawsuits that were already underway involving allegations of discrimination against trans or gender-nonconforming workers. The agency is also reportedly de-prioritizing new charges related to gender identity and discouraging EEOC judges from hearing existing cases that are under investigation. (The EEOC has not commented on these reports.)

Since Trump dismissed EEOC commissioners Jocelyn Samuels and Charlotte Burrows, the agency has lacked a quorum and been unable to make formal revisions to its guidance—including the workplace harassment guidelines, which Lucas had voted against when they were issued in 2024. Earlier this month, however, Trump nominated a new commissioner who would secure a Republican majority at the EEOC if confirmed, enabling the agency to revoke prior guidance and make other consequential changes to worker protections.